Pregnancy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) 4- to 5-fold over that in the non-pregnant state. The two manifestations of VTE are deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE), which include complications such as pulmonary hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome, and venous insufficiency. Although most reports suggest that VTE can occur at any trimester in pregnancy, studies suggest that VTE is more common during the first half of pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a state that conveys 4-5 times the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Acute abdomen in the case of a pregnant patient with acute abdomen is a clinical scenario that overlaps specialties. Acute Abdomen is defined as any serious acute intra-abdominal condition attended by pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity, and for which emergency surgery must be considered

Adrenal disease, including disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), Addison disease, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperaldosteronism, can reduce female fertility or severely impact maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that is associated with pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, thrombosis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, fetal growth restriction, and fetal loss. Depending on its association with other autoimmune disorders, this is classified as Primary APS, diagnosed in patients demonstrating the clinical and laboratory criteria for the disease without other recognized autoimmune disease and Secondary APS.

In any normal pregnancy, blood volume increases, which results in a concomitant hemodilution. Although red blood cell (RBC) mass increases during pregnancy, plasma volume increases more, resulting in a relative anemia which results in a physiologically lowered hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (Hct) value, and RBC count, but it has no effect on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV). In an iron-replete population, anemia defined as a value less than the fifth percentile is a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL or less in the first trimester, 10. 5 g/dL or less in the second trimester, and 11 g/dL or less in the third trimester.

Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrinologic disorders found in pregnancy. With Overt hypothyroidism estimated to occur in 0.3-0.5% of pregnancies, Subclinical hypothyroidism in 2-3%, Hyperthyroidism is present in 0.1-0.4%. Graves disease accounts for more than 85%, whereas Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.

Bacterial infections can affect pregnant women from implantation of the fertilized ovum through the time of delivery and peripartum period. This may also affect the fetus and newborn.

Cardiovascular Disease is one of the leading causes of death during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Profound changes occur in the maternal circulation that have the potential to adversely affect maternal and fetal health, especially in the presence of underlying heart conditions.